python assign path to variable

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Environment variables influence the behavior of Python. PYTHONPATH is one such environment variable; that is, it is a key-value pair stored in a computer's memory. It is available to all programs running in the same environment.

What Is the PYTHONPATH Environment Variable in Python?

Pythonpath is a special environment variable that provides guidance to the Python interpreter about where to find various libraries and applications. It is similar to the PATH environment variable in other languages, such as C and Java, but has additional directories for Python modules.

Pythonpath environment variable in Python allows you to include paths to other Python files in your scripts and Python's import mechanism to determine where to search for modules and files that use it. This can be useful if you want to access different pieces of functionality from within your script without having to type out the full path every time.

Pythonpath can be either a single directory or a list of directories separated by colons (:).

If Pythonpath is set to a single directory, Python will search for modules and files in that directory only.
Or if Pythonpath is set to a list of directories, Python will search for modules and files in each of those directories.

When you launch the Python interpreter, it looks for Pythonpath inside your current working directory. If it doesn't find an entry there, it will search for Pythonpath in each parent folder until it finds one or creates one, if necessary. And it is typically set by the Python installation program, but can be overridden by the user.

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Understanding the Pythonpath Environment Variable

An environment variable that lets you add additional directories where Python looks for packages and modules. As these variables are not needed for Python to run, they are not set for most installations. Python can find its standard library. So, the only reason to use PYTHONPATH variables is to maintain directories of custom Python libraries that are not installed in the site packages directory (the global default location). In simple terms, it is used by user-defined modules to set the path so that they can be directly imported into a Python program. It also handles the default search path for modules in Python. PYTHONPATH variable includes various directories as a string to be added to the sys.path directory list. So, with PYTHONPATH, users can import modules that have not been made installable yet.

Here is an example. The module sample.py has the following content:

def function():

print("Function is running")

The script sample_script.py has the following content:

import sample

.function()

Here is the output:

$ python3 scripts/sample_script.py

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "scripts/sample_script.py", line 1, in <module>

import sample

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'sample'

We get such an output because the PYTHONPATH has not been set yet. In layman's terms, the Python interpreter cannot find the location of the sample.py file. In the next section, we will examine how you can set the PYTHONPATH environment variable on different operating systems.

Setting Python Environment Variable PYTHONPATH on Mac

To set the python environment variable PYTHONPATH on Mac, follow the given steps:

Step 1: Open the Terminal.

Step 2: In your text editor, open the ~/.bash_profile file. For example: atom ~/.bash_profile;

Step 3: To this file, add the following line at the bottom:

export PYTHONPATH="/Users/my_user/code"

Step 4: Save this text editor file.

Step 5: Close the terminal.

Step 6: Restart the terminal. You can now read the new settings.

Type: echo $PYTHONPATH

It would show something like /Users/my_user/code. That is it. PYTHONPATH is set.

Setting the Python Environment Variable PYTHONPATH on Linux

To set the python environment variable PYTHONPATH on Linux, follow the given steps:

Step 1: Open up the terminal

Step 2: In your text editor, open the ~/.bashrc file. For example: atom ~/.bashrc;

Step 3: In this text editor, add this line at the end:

export PYTHONPATH=/home/my_user/code

Step 5: Close the terminal application

Step 6: Restart the terminal application. You can read in the new settings. Type:

echo $PYTHONPATH

It will show something like /home/my_user/code:

You are done setting the PYTHONPATH on your Linux system.

Setting the Python Environment Variable PYTHONPATH on Windows

Here is how to set PYTHONPATH on a windows machine:

Step 1: Open My Computer or This PC and right-click on it. Then click on properties.

Step 2: When the properties window pops up, click on the Advance System Settings.

Step 3: Click on the environment variable button that appears in the new popped-up window. Here is how it looks:

Step 4: In the dialog box- new Environment Variable, click on New.

Step 5: In the variable dialog box, add the variable's name as PYTHONPATH. Add the location that you want Python to check every time as a value to the module directory.

Step 6: Open the command prompt, execute the python file using the given command:

python my_script.py

(Here, my_script is the name of the python file).

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1. How do I add an environment variable in Pythonpath?

Following a few steps will allow you to add an environment variable:

By setting the Pythonpath environment variable.
By adding manually to the path in the file.
By using the os.environ module method.
Then you can also use the os.environ["key"] = "value" syntax to add a single environment variable.

2. How do I create a Pythonpath variable?

To create a Pythonpath variable, you will need to first open the Command Prompt.

Once the Command Prompt is open, you will need to type in the following command: setx /M Pythonpath "C:\Python27\Lib".

And you should know that creating a Pythonpath environment variable in Python will be changing depending on your operating system and whether you want the variable to be permanent.

On Windows, you can use the set command to create a Pythonpath variable: set Pythonpath=C:\python
On Mac or Linux, you can use the export command to create a Pythonpath variable: export Pythonpath =/usr/local/lib/python

3. What is Pythonpath used for?

Pythonpath is an environment variable that is used to specify the location of Python libraries. It is typically used by developers to ensure that their code can find the required Python libraries when it is run.

4. Where is Pythonpath located?

Pythonpath is typically located in the same directory as the Python interpreter.

5. Is SYS path the same as Pythonpath?

The SYS path is a list of directories that Python interprets to search for when it starts up.
The Pythonpath is a list of directories that the Python interpreter will search for when it tries to resolve a module name.

So, both look the same but are quite different.

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We have reached the end of this blog. We saw how you could set the PYTHONPATH environment variable in Python on all three standard operating systems- Linux, Windows, and macOS. After setting up the PYTHON PATH, you can import user-defined modules. And if you wish to master Python, a certification in Python is all you need! However, if you wish to master full-stack development and build a successful career in this field, our PGP in Full Stack Development, in collaboration with Caltech CTME must be your next step.

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How to add Python to PATH variable in Windows

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What is a PATH variable?

A path variable contains a list of paths to executable programs in the machine. These programs can be placed anywhere in the machine, but when added to the PATH variable, they can be accessed from any directory in the system.

Whenever we enter a command into the terminal, the system looks up the PATH variable for the path where the program is placed, which refers to the command. If the path to the required file is not found, it responds with an error message stating that the specified command was not recognized.

Steps to add Python to PATH

Below are the steps we must take to add python to our PATH variable.

First, we must find the directory where we installed Python. A typical installation would have the following path, C:\Users\MyUserName\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310

Now, we will need to add this to the PATH variable, we right click on "This PC" and go to "Properties".

Then, we click on the "Advanced system settings" in the menu on the left.going

In the bottom right, we can see a button labeled "Environment Variables". We will click on it to open another window to edit these variables.

Now, we select the "Path variable" in the "System variables" section and click "Edit". The next screen will show all the directories currently part of the PATH variable.

Another window opens up where we can see all the paths for the currently configured system variables. To add a new path for our Python program, we will click on the "New" button on the right side and paste the path in Step 1

We have successfully added the path for our Python program to our system's environment variables. The best practice is to restart the system afterward for the change to occur.

Now, we can verify if the PATH variable was configured correctly by opening up the terminal and entering the command python --version .

After all the following steps are completed, when we run the command on the command prompt, we should get a similar output to the one shown below

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How to Add Python to Path?

Why Add Python to PATH?

Adding Python to the system’s PATH is an essential step when working with Python, as it allows you to run Python scripts and access Python packages from any directory in the command prompt or terminal. By adding Python to the PATH, you eliminate the need to specify the full path to the Python executable every time you want to use it.

In this blog post, we will guide you through the process of adding Python to PATH on different operating systems—Windows, macOS, and Linux. We will provide step-by-step instructions and illustrate them with screenshots to make it easy for you to follow. By the end of this article, you will have a solid understanding of how to add Python to the PATH and enhance your Python development experience.

Every Operating System has a list of directories containing the executable files for the commands and one executable file for each command. The name of the command itself saves each executable file. This list of directories is stored in a variable called Path .

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to add Python to the system path:

Windows: C:\PythonXX\ (where XX represents the version number)
macOS: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/XX.X/ (where XX.X represents the version number)
Linux: /usr/bin/pythonX.X/ (where X.X represents the version number)
Windows: Open the “System Properties” dialog by right-clicking on “This PC” or “My Computer,” selecting “Properties,” and then clicking on “Advanced system settings.” In the “System Properties” window, click on the “Environment Variables” button.
macOS and Linux: Open a terminal window.
Locate the “Path” variable: In the “Environment Variables” window or terminal, find the “Path” variable under the “System variables” section.
Windows: Select the “Path” variable and click on the “Edit” button. In the “Edit Environment Variable” dialog, click on the “New” button and enter the path to your Python installation directory. Click “OK” to save the changes.
macOS and Linux: In the terminal, type the following command to open the system environment file:bashCopy code nano ~/.bash_profile Add the following line at the end of the file, replacing /path/to/python with the actual path to your Python installation directory:bashCopy code export PATH="/path/to/python:$PATH" Press “Ctrl + X” to exit, then “Y” to save the changes, and finally “Enter” to confirm the filename.
Apply the changes: Close the terminal or “Environment Variables” window.
Verify the Python path: Open a new terminal or command prompt window and type the following command:bashCopy code python --version If Python is correctly added to the path, it should display the version number of Python installed on your system.

That’s it! You have successfully added Python to the system path. You can now run Python from any directory on your system without specifying the full path. Below you can find a detailed explanation of how to add a Python path.

In the case of Windows, whenever a command is typed in the Command prompt, the system searches for an executable file corresponding to that command in the Path variable and runs it. If there is a failure in finding the executable file for a command, the Command prompt throws an error message stating that the given command could not be recognized, as shown in the screenshot taken below:

You can get rid of this error if you write the complete directory of the executable file rather than writing just the command. Even though using this method can help you overcome this error, it is not considered an advisable approach.

So, here’s another way to remove this error, which is by adding the desired executable file to the path variable. This step is usually required to be done at the time of installation of applications like Python. To learn more about Python, you can also take up a free online python basic programs course and enhance your knowledge.

Before we dive into the specific instructions for each operating system, let’s understand why it is important to add Python to the system’s PATH.

When Python is added to the PATH, it becomes a globally accessible command, regardless of your current working directory. This means that you can run Python scripts or interact with the Python interpreter from any location in the command prompt or terminal, without having to navigate to the Python installation directory every time.

Moreover, by adding Python to the PATH, you can easily install and manage Python packages using tools like pip, as they rely on the Python executable being in the PATH. Adding Python to the PATH streamlines your Python development workflow and allows for a smoother coding experience.

In the following sections, we will provide detailed instructions for adding Python to PATH on different operating systems. Let’s get started with Windows!

Steps for Adding Python to Path in Windows

It is possible to add the complete path of python.exe and store it in the path variable. Follow the steps given below to add Python to path:

Click on ‘This PC’

Go to ‘Properties’ on the menu bar

Choose the ‘Advanced Settings’ option given on the left hand side as shown in the figure below:

Now, click on the button ‘Environment Variables’ on the bottom right. An environment Variables window will open up as seen in the figure below:

You will find a ‘System variables’ section on the lower part of the ‘Environment Variables’ window. Choose the ‘Path’ variable from the given list of variables and click on the ‘Edit’ button. Take a look at the figure below for reference.

An ‘Edit environment variable’ window will pop us as shown in the figure given below. This window shows you the list of directories that the Path variable currently contains. Click on ‘New’ button given on the right hand side of the window.

Write down the location of the Python’s install directory as shown below and click on ‘OK’.

And Bingo! You have successfully added Python to the Path. You can check if it has been added properly by writing the Python command in your command line. You will not get the same error as before. Instead, the following message will be displayed on the screen. This ensures that Python has been successfully installed and added to the Path variable on your system.

Steps for Adding Python to Path in Mac

Like the Command prompt of Windows, you have the Terminal in Mac. When the installed Python is not added to the Path variable and you write the ‘python’ command in the Terminal, an error is raised with a message stating that the Command is not found, as can be seen in the figure below.

Hence, to add Python to the Path variable, follow through the given steps.

Open the Terminal on your MAC and give the following command:

The terminal will prompt you to enter your password.

Enter your password. This will open up a list of directories that are stored in the Path variable.

Now, after the last directory location, enter the path to the Python Install directory.

Press Ctrl + X to quit and further, press Y to save the changes to the Path variable. This will now allow you to access python directly from the terminal without being required to enter its full location.

Now, if you type in the command ‘python’ in the Terminal, no error will be raised. Instead, a the installed python version will be displayed, as shown in the figure below, which will confirm that Python has been successfully added to the Path .

Adding Python to the system’s PATH is a crucial step for any Python developer or enthusiast. It simplifies the process of running Python scripts and accessing Python packages from any directory in the command prompt or terminal.

In this blog post, we covered the steps to add Python to the PATH on three major operating systems: Windows, macOS, and Linux. We provided detailed instructions, accompanied by screenshots, to make it easy for readers to follow along.

For Windows users, we explained how to check if Python is already installed, how to add Python to the PATH on Windows 10/8/7, and how to verify the PATH configuration. On macOS, we outlined the process of checking Python installation, adding Python to the PATH, and verifying the configuration. And for Linux users, we covered checking Python installation, adding Python to the PATH, and verifying the configuration.

By adding Python to the PATH, developers can save time and effort by eliminating the need to specify the full path to the Python executable every time they want to use it. It enhances productivity and makes Python development more efficient.

In conclusion, adding Python to the system’s PATH is a simple yet powerful step that can greatly enhance your Python development experience. It allows you to work with Python seamlessly and access its features from any directory. By following the instructions provided in this blog post, you can easily add Python to the PATH on your preferred operating system and enjoy the benefits it brings to your Python projects . We hope you have a better understanding of the concept. To learn more such Python concepts, you can attend Great Learning Academy and enroll in free online python courses today.

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Use the \ Character to Specify the File Path in Python

Use the raw string literals to specify the file path in python, use the os.path() function to specify the file path in python, use the pathlib.path() function to specify the file path in python.

Mostly we are provided with the default path variable when we install Python. But sometimes, we have to set these variables manually, or if we want to set a different path, we have to do it manually. To run files saved in our directories, we have to provide the complete path to the editor.

A path usually is a string like C:\Folder . But in Python, the \ character can get interpreted as the escape character.

This tutorial will discuss how to set the path for a file in Python on Windows devices.

We can use the \\ character in place of a single \ to provide the path in Python.

The syntax for this is shown below.

We can use raw string literals to provide paths for the files as a raw string will treat these backslashes as a literal character.

To make a raw string, we have to write the r character before the quotes for the string.

The syntax for using raw string literals is shown below.

We can also use the path() function of the os module for setting up the path. The advantage of using the path() function is that we do not specify the file’s complete path. We have to provide the directory name and the file name.

This method will itself select the correct configuration for the OS you are using on your device. We have to use the join() function to combine the directory and filename.

For example,

In the above example, the os.sep specifies the default OS separator.

In Python 3.4 and above, we can use the Path() function from the pathlib module to specify the file paths in Python. Its use is similar to the os.path() function.

See the code below.