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Licensing and Business Models
by Alberto Onetti
2008, Economics and Quantitative Methods
License affects software companies' business activities. While proprietary software vendors create custom licenses, open source companies have less flexibility. The Open Source Initiative (OSI) defines a list of 72 licenses as open source (“OSI approved”). For a project ...
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The objective of this document is to create a practical guide that will present various Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) business models and intellectual property strategies so that R&D programs can successfully leverage FOSS development models and create more effective commercialization strategies.

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Free and open source software (FOSS) development has become a huge success. A significant part of that success has been the Free Software Foundation’s (FSF) GNU General Public License (GPL), which governs a large majority of FOSS projects worldwide. After nearly sixteen years, the FSF recently updated the GPL (GPL3) to deal with changes in the software world. Two of the primary changes GPL3 deals with are software patents and digital rights management (DRM), and these license changes in particular have sparked intense debates within FOSS world. Pragmatists, and those more closely aligned with the Open Source Initiative’s (OSI) approach, have fretted that GPL3 could balkanize FOSS development and cause large-scale corporate withdrawal from the FOSS world. The FSF, meanwhile, believes GPL3 is absolutely necessary to preserve FOSS momentum in the modern world. Who is right? While GPL3 and its patent and DRM provisions will certainly result in social and legal complications, its unifyin...

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Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) is characterised by a specific programming and development paradigm. The availability and freedom of use of source code are at the core of this paradigm, and are the prerequisites for FLOSS features. Unfortunately, the fundamental role of code is often ignored among those who decide the software purchases for Canadian public agencies. Source code availability and the connected freedoms are often seen as unrelated and accidental aspects, and the only real advantage acknowledged, which is the absence of royalty fees, becomes paramount. In this paper we discuss some relevant legal issues and explain why public administrations should choose FLOSS for their technological infrastructure. We also present the results of a survey regarding the penetration and awareness of FLOSS usage into the Government of Canada. The data demonstrates that the Government of Canada shows no enforced policy regarding the implementation of a specific technological framew...

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This document explains the basic concepts related to software and hardware licenses, and it summarizes the most popular licenses that are currently used for hardware projects. Two case studies of hardware projects at different levels of abstraction are also presented, together with a discussion of license applicability, commercial issues, code protection, and related concerns.This paper intends to help the reader understand how to release open hardware with the most appropriate license, and to answer questions that are of current interest. We have been mainly motivated by the growing influence of the open RISC-V ISA, but trying to address a wider hardware point of view.
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Crowdsensing and personal data markets that have emerged around it have rapidly gained momentum in parallel with the appearance of mobile devices. Collecting information via mobile sensors and the applications relying on these, the privacy of mobile users can be threatened, especially in the case of location-related data. In 2015, a research project called MyGeoTrust was initiated to investigate this issue. One aim of the project was to study the potential business models for a trusted, open-source crowdsourcing platform. This study, carried within the MyGeoTrust project, reviews existing literature about business models, location-based services, and open-source software development. It then investigates the relationship between these topics and mobile crowdsensing. As a whole, this thesis provides an overview on the development of location-based services, as well as the current trends and business models in crowdsensing. The empirical part of the thesis employs embedded case study ...

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Open source tools have recently reached a level of maturity which makes them suitable for building large-scale real-world systems. At the same time, the field of machine learning has developed a large body of powerful learning algorithms for diverse applications. However, the true potential of these methods is not used, since existing implementations are not openly shared, resulting in software with low usability, and weak interoperability. We argue that this situation can be significantly improved by increasing incentives for researchers to ...


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A business license number is issued when a business has successfully obtained a license to operate in certain municipalities. It simply acts as a reference number.
Starting a business in Maryland can be an exciting and rewarding experience. However, before you can get your business up and running, you need to obtain a business license. This guide will provide you with the information you need to know ...
Starting a business in Maryland requires obtaining the necessary licenses and permits. This guide will provide you with a step-by-step process for obtaining a business license in the state of Maryland.
munication company Webdyn.7. C. Licensing vs. Production/Services. In this licensing model, the licensor seeks to com- mercialise technology as a primary
Thus, we can assume that business model decisions follow license choice. In our research we find that in some cases open source companies remove these license
License affects software companies' business activities. While proprietary software vendors create custom licenses, open source companies have less
fore deciding on a business model. We asked Christof Wittig (CEO of db4objects, a. commercial open-source software company using. dual licensing), what is
With the sale of his patent, he did just that. In all of these cases, the company's business strategy drove its licensing strategy. CAPITAL NEEDS. Capital
pdf - consent should be obtained from data owners in cases where an applicant is asked to provide personal data. Page 34. 32 . OECD – BUSINESS LICENSING
Company, Inc. 1997). Licensing is business, and surely Aristotle is right: you will be successful in licensing so long as you remember you are entering with
pdf/ERM01613.pdf> (2007-08-22). Wichmann, T. (2002a). Use of Open Source
Established business model in one country. ♢. Attempt to replicate success in another country by a franchisee. ♢. Extension of use of IP rights. Page 14. 14.
Characteristics of a license agreement. (1) A license agreement is the outcome of a business strategy and the start of a business relationship. The parties
View PDF PDF. Share icon. X Facebook LinkedIn Email Share. ABSTRACT. We attempt to provide a new approach based on a Hotelling model to analyse the competition