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Understanding the Assignment of Mortgages: What You Need To Know

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A mortgage is a legally binding agreement between a home buyer and a lender that dictates a borrower's ability to pay off a loan. Every mortgage has an interest rate, a term length, and specific fees attached to it.

Written by Attorney Todd Carney .  Updated November 26, 2021

If you’re like most people who want to purchase a home, you’ll start by going to a bank or other lender to get a mortgage loan. Though you can choose your lender, after the mortgage loan is processed, your mortgage may be transferred to a different mortgage servicer . A transfer is also called an assignment of the mortgage. 

No matter what it’s called, this change of hands may also change who you’re supposed to make your house payments to and how the foreclosure process works if you default on your loan. That’s why if you’re a homeowner, it’s important to know how this process works. This article will provide an in-depth look at what an assignment of a mortgage entails and what impact it can have on homeownership.

Assignment of Mortgage – The Basics

When your original lender transfers your mortgage account and their interests in it to a new lender, that’s called an assignment of mortgage. To do this, your lender must use an assignment of mortgage document. This document ensures the loan is legally transferred to the new owner. It’s common for mortgage lenders to sell the mortgages to other lenders. Most lenders assign the mortgages they originate to other lenders or mortgage buyers.

Home Loan Documents

When you get a loan for a home or real estate, there will usually be two mortgage documents. The first is a mortgage or, less commonly, a deed of trust . The other is a promissory note. The mortgage or deed of trust will state that the mortgaged property provides the security interest for the loan. This basically means that your home is serving as collateral for the loan. It also gives the loan servicer the right to foreclose if you don’t make your monthly payments. The promissory note provides proof of the debt and your promise to pay it.

When a lender assigns your mortgage, your interests as the mortgagor are given to another mortgagee or servicer. Mortgages and deeds of trust are usually recorded in the county recorder’s office. This office also keeps a record of any transfers. When a mortgage is transferred so is the promissory note. The note will be endorsed or signed over to the loan’s new owner. In some situations, a note will be endorsed in blank, which turns it into a bearer instrument. This means whoever holds the note is the presumed owner.

Using MERS To Track Transfers

Banks have collectively established the Mortgage Electronic Registration System , Inc. (MERS), which keeps track of who owns which loans. With MERS, lenders are no longer required to do a separate assignment every time a loan is transferred. That’s because MERS keeps track of the transfers. It’s crucial for MERS to maintain a record of assignments and endorsements because these land records can tell who actually owns the debt and has a legal right to start the foreclosure process.

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Assignment of Mortgage Requirements and Effects

The assignment of mortgage needs to include the following:

The original information regarding the mortgage. Alternatively, it can include the county recorder office’s identification numbers. 

The borrower’s name.

The mortgage loan’s original amount.

The date of the mortgage and when it was recorded.

Usually, there will also need to be a legal description of the real property the mortgage secures, but this is determined by state law and differs by state.

Notice Requirements

The original lender doesn’t need to provide notice to or get permission from the homeowner prior to assigning the mortgage. But the new lender (sometimes called the assignee) has to send the homeowner some form of notice of the loan assignment. The document will typically provide a disclaimer about who the new lender is, the lender’s contact information, and information about how to make your mortgage payment. You should make sure you have this information so you can avoid foreclosure.

Mortgage Terms

When an assignment occurs your loan is transferred, but the initial terms of your mortgage will stay the same. This means you’ll have the same interest rate, overall loan amount, monthly payment, and payment due date. If there are changes or adjustments to the escrow account, the new lender must do them under the terms of the original escrow agreement. The new lender can make some changes if you request them and the lender approves. For example, you may request your new lender to provide more payment methods.

Taxes and Insurance

If you have an escrow account and your mortgage is transferred, you may be worried about making sure your property taxes and homeowners insurance get paid. Though you can always verify the information, the original loan servicer is responsible for giving your local tax authority the new loan servicer’s address for tax billing purposes. The original lender is required to do this after the assignment is recorded. The servicer will also reach out to your property insurance company for this reason.  

If you’ve received notice that your mortgage loan has been assigned, it’s a good idea to reach out to your loan servicer and verify this information. Verifying that all your mortgage information is correct, that you know who to contact if you have questions about your mortgage, and that you know how to make payments to the new servicer will help you avoid being scammed or making payments incorrectly.

Let's Summarize…

In a mortgage assignment, your original lender or servicer transfers your mortgage account to another loan servicer. When this occurs, the original mortgagee or lender’s interests go to the next lender. Even if your mortgage gets transferred or assigned, your mortgage’s terms should remain the same. Your interest rate, loan amount, monthly payment, and payment schedule shouldn’t change. 

Your original lender isn’t required to notify you or get your permission prior to assigning your mortgage. But you should receive correspondence from the new lender after the assignment. It’s important to verify any change in assignment with your original loan servicer before you make your next mortgage payment, so you don’t fall victim to a scam.

Attorney Todd Carney

Attorney Todd Carney is a writer and graduate of Harvard Law School. While in law school, Todd worked in a clinic that helped pro-bono clients file for bankruptcy. Todd also studied several aspects of how the law impacts consumers. Todd has written over 40 articles for sites such... read more about Attorney Todd Carney

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South Carolina Code 30-7-100. Assignment of mortgage or note; collateral assignment; obligations involving Farm Credit System institutions

(1) "Assignment of note" means every document endorsing, assigning, transferring, pledging, or conveying an interest in a note and mortgage securing the note, whether set forth in a separate instrument or contained in a loan agreement, financing agreement, or security agreement or given in conjunction with financing arrangements, involving Farm Credit System institutions.

Terms Used In South Carolina Code 30-7-100

• Clerk of court : An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
• Evidence : Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Foreclosure : A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. Source: OCC
• Lien : A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Mortgage : The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgagee : The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• Obligation : An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Real property : Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Service of process : The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.

(2) "Collateral assignment" means any assignment of a note and mortgage made and delivered in connection with any extension of credit involving Farm Credit System institutions, where the assignor retains the right to collect or to apply the note payments after assignment and prior to default.

(3) "Farm Credit System institution" means a Farm Credit Bank, (formerly Federal Land Bank or Federal Intermediate Credit Bank), an Agricultural Credit Bank, an agricultural credit association (ACA), a production credit association (PCA), a federal land bank association (FLBA), or a federal land credit association (FLCA), chartered by the federal Farm Credit Administration pursuant to the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as amended, or an act of the United States Congress, or any successor or assignee of any of the foregoing.

(B) It is not necessary in order to perfect a valid written assignment of a mortgage or other agreement mortgaging real property or an interest in real property, which is pledged as security for an obligation involving Farm Credit System institutions, to record the written assignment in the office of the clerk of court or other recording office in the county in which the real property is located. A transfer of the promissory note or other instrument secured by the mortgage or other security instrument by an assignment of note to such an institution, which assignment of note constitutes an effective transfer or assignment under the laws of this State, constitutes an effective assignment of the mortgage or other security instrument. The assignee of the note is entitled to enforce all obligations contained in the promissory note or other agreement and possesses all of the rights of the assignor in the mortgage or other security instrument given to a Farm Credit System institution, including the right to foreclose the instrument in accordance with law without restriction. The provisions of this section do not preclude the recordation of a written assignment of a mortgage or other security instrument with or without the promissory note or other instrument that it secures.

(C) The execution of a written document containing an assignment of note is valid and enforceable from the time of execution to pass the interest granted, pledged, assigned, or transferred in the note and the mortgage securing the note as against the assignor, and the transfer is perfected from the time of execution against subsequent assignees, lien creditors, and purchasers for valuable consideration from the assignor; provided, however, that service of process on a Farm Credit System institution that is a mortgagee of record in any foreclosure action, or other action affecting title to the underlying real estate collateral, must be deemed sufficient service to any Farm Credit System institution that is assignee of such mortgage and underlying note as provided herein.

(D) Where an assignment of note is a collateral assignment, after a default under the loan agreement, financing agreement, security agreement, or other evidence of indebtedness which the assignment secures, the assignee is thereafter entitled, but not required, to collect and receive any accrued and unpaid or subsequently accruing note payments and to foreclose the mortgage securing the note subject to the assignment without need for the appointment of a receiver, any act to take possession of the note, or any further demand on the assignor or maker of the note. Unless otherwise agreed, after default the assignee is entitled to notify the maker or other obligor to make payment to the assignee and is also entitled to have possession of any payments or proceeds to which the assignee may be entitled.

(E) This section does not exclude other methods of creating, perfecting, collecting, sequestering, or enforcing a security interest in notes and mortgages provided by the laws of this State.

(F) For documents executed on or after the effective date of this section, the provisions of this section providing that the assignment of mortgages need not be recorded must be reflected in the mortgage in bold print.

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2012 South Carolina Code of Laws Title 29 - Mortgages and Other Liens Chapter 3 - MORTGAGES AND DEEDS OF TRUST GENERALLY Section 29-3-100 - Validity of certain assignments of rents, issues, or profits.

Disclaimer: These codes may not be the most recent version. South Carolina may have more current or accurate information. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. Please check official sources.

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Mortgage Assignment Laws and Definition

(This may not be the same place you live)

What is a Mortgage Assignment?

A mortgage is a legal agreement. Under this agreement, a bank or other lending institution provides a loan to an individual seeking to finance a home purchase. The lender is referred to as a creditor. The person who finances the home owes money to the bank, and is referred to as the debtor.

To make money, the bank charges interest on the loan. To ensure the debtor pays the loan, the bank takes a security interest in what the loan is financing — the home itself. If the buyer fails to pay the loan, the bank can take the property through a foreclosure proceeding.

There are two main documents involved in a mortgage agreement. The document setting the financial terms and conditions of repayment is known as the mortgage note. The bank is the owner of the note. The note is secured by the mortgage. This means if the debtor does not make payment on the note, the bank may foreclose on the home. 

The document describing the mortgaged property is called the mortgage agreement. In the mortgage agreement, the debtor agrees to make payments under the note, and agrees that if payment is not made, the bank may institute foreclosure proceedings and take the home as collateral .

An assignment of a mortgage refers to an assignment of the note and assignment of the mortgage agreement. Both the note and the mortgage can be assigned. To assign the note and mortgage is to transfer ownership of the note and mortgage. Once the note is assigned, the person to whom it is assigned, the assignee, can collect payment under the note. 

Assignment of the mortgage agreement occurs when the mortgagee (the bank or lender) transfers its rights under the agreement to another party. That party is referred to as the assignee, and receives the right to enforce the agreement’s terms against the assignor, or debtor (also called the “mortgagor”). 

What are the Requirements for Executing a Mortgage Assignment?

For a mortgage to be validly assigned, the assignment document (the document formally assigning ownership from one person to another) must contain:

• The current assignor name.
• The name of the assignee.
• The current borrower or borrowers’ names. 
• A description of the mortgage, including date of execution of the mortgage agreement, the amount of the loan that remains, and a reference to where the mortgage was initially recorded. A mortgage is recorded in the office of a county clerk, in an index, typically bearing a volume or page number. The reference to where the mortgage was recorded should include the date of recording, volume, page number, and county of recording.
• A description of the property. The description must be a legal description that unambiguously and completely describes the boundaries of the property.

There are several types of assignments of mortgage. These include a corrective assignment of mortgage, a corporate assignment of mortgage, and a mers assignment of mortgage. A corrective assignment corrects or amends a defect or mistake in the original assignment. A corporate assignment is an assignment of the mortgage from one corporation to another. 

A mers assignment involves the Mortgage Electronic Registration System (MERS). Mortgages often designate MERS as a nominee (agent for) the lender. When the lender assigns a mortgage to MERS, MERS does not actually receive ownership of the note or mortgage agreement. Instead, MERS tracks the mortgage as the mortgage is assigned from bank to bank. 

What are Some of the Benefits and Drawbacks of Mortgage Assignments?

An advantage of a mortgage assignment is that the assignment permits buyers interested in purchasing a home, to do so without having to obtain a loan from a financial institution. The buyer, through an assignment from the current homeowner, assumes the rights and responsibilities under the mortgage. 

A disadvantage of a mortgage assignment is the consequences of failing to record it. Under most state laws, an entity seeking to institute foreclosure proceedings must record the assignment before it can do so. If a mortgage is not recorded, the judge will dismiss the foreclosure proceeding. 

Are there any Defenses to Mortgage Assignments?

Failure to observe mortgage assignment procedure can be used as a defense by a homeowner in a foreclosure proceeding. Before a bank can institute a foreclosure proceeding, the bank must record the assignment of the note. The bank must also be in actual possession of the note. 

If the bank fails to “produce the note,” that is, cannot demonstrate that the note was assigned to it, the bank cannot demonstrate it owns the note. Therefore, it lacks legal standing to commence a foreclosure proceeding.

Do I Need to Hire an Attorney for Help with a Mortgage Assignment?

If you need help with preparing an assignment of mortgage, you should contact a mortgage lawyer . An experienced mortgage lawyer near you can assist you with preparing and recording the document.

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First Palmetto Savings Bank, F.S.B., Appellant, v. Pradipkumar I. Patel, and Branch Banking & Trust Company of South Carolina ("BB&T") and Bhupendra G. Patel, Defendants, of Whom Branch Banking and Trust Company of South Carolina ("BB&T") and Bhupendra R. Patel are, Respondents.

Thomas E. Player, Jr., of Player & McMillian; and J. Kennedy DuBose, Jr., of DuBose & Cushman, of Camden, for appellant. James O. Spence, of Dooley, Dooley & Spence, of Lexington; and B. Michael Brackett, of Rogers, Townsend & Thomas, of Columbia, for respondents.

[A]ttorney Hamilton was attorney and agent for [First Palmetto] and . . . had knowledge of the true facts regarding the nature of Bhupendra Patel's subordination and assignment of mortgage from the former transaction, or obtained sufficient knowledge of facts during the course of the second and third loan closing transactions to have placed him on inquiry notice to further investigate the nature of the assignment. Therefore, attorney Hamilton's knowledge is imputed to [First Palmetto] and [First Palmetto] is not an innocent third party who would be prejudiced by the restoration of Defendant Bhupendra Patel's mortgage to its rightful priority.

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Just like you'll pay different rates for car insurance depending on what state you're in, mortgages can also cost more or less depending on what state you're getting a mortgage in.

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The good news is that mortgage rates shouldn't vary too dramatically from one state to the next. 

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According to Zillow, the typical home value in Arkansas is lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home value in Arkansas is $198,746, and home values have increased 1.8% over the past year. 

Arkansas Mortgage Rates

Check out current mortgage rates in Arkansas. Plug in today's rates when you use the calculator below to see how much you might pay for an average mortgage in this state.

Arkansas Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Arkansas, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Arkansas First-Time Homebuyer Information

The Arkansas Development Finance Authority has a few programs to help novice homebuyers save money:

• ADFA Move-Up Loan : Get an affordable 30-year conventional mortgage, and combine this mortgage with other ADFA financial assistance.
• Down Payment Assistance Program : Get a loan for up to $15,000, and put the money toward your down payment or closing costs. You'll pay back the loan over 10 years.
• Arkansas Dream Down Payment Initiative : Low-income "ADFA Move-Up Loan" borrowers can also get up to $25,000 in down payment and closing cost assistance in the form of a second mortgage loan. There are no monthly payments, and the ADFA may forgive the loan after five or 10 years.

California Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in California is much higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home value in California is $744,280, and home values have decreased 2.8% over the past year. 

California Mortgage Rates

These are today's mortgage rates in California. Plug in the latest rates into the calculator below to see how much you might pay for a mortgage in California.

California Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in California, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

California First-Time Homebuyer Information

You may qualify for one of the following homebuyer programs through the California Housing Finance Agency:

• CalHFA First Mortgage Programs : These programs offer affordable conventional and government-backed mortgages to borrowers who meet income limits. These loans are available on their own or in combination with the CalHFA Zero Interest Program, which provides a 0% interest loan to cover closing costs. The ZIP loan must be paid back once the home is sold or refinanced. These programs can also be combined with the MyHome Assistance Program.
• CalHFA MyHome Assistance Program : Get down payment assistance loans for up to 3% of the purchase price on a conventional loan or 3.5% on an FHA loan.

Colorado Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Colorado is much higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home value in Colorado is $537,600, and home values have decreased 4.1% over the past year. 

Colorado Mortgage Rates

Check out current mortgage rates in Colorado and plug today's rates into the calculator below to see how much you might pay each month for a home in this state.

Colorado Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Colorado, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Colorado First-Time Homebuyer Information

As a first-time homebuyer in Colorado, you might qualify for the following financial assistance through the Colorado Housing and Finance Authority:

• CHFA loan programs : First-time homebuyers can get an affordable mortgage through participating lenders .
• CHFA down payment assistance : This includes a grant for up to $25,000 or 3% of your mortgage (whichever is lower), or a second mortgage for up to $25,000 or 4% of your first mortgage that you don't have to pay back until you've sold or refinanced the home.

Connecticut Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Connecticut is a little higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home value in Connecticut is $381,722, and home values have increased 6.4% over the past year. 

Connecticut Mortgage Rates

See where current mortgage rates in Connecticut are at and plug today's rates into our free mortgage calculator to see what a typical mortgage would cost you in this state.

Connecticut Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Connecticut, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Connecticut First-Time Homebuyer Information

The Connecticut Housing Finance Authority offers several financial assistance programs, including the following:

• HFA Advantage and HFA Preferred Loan Programs : Get a mortgage with reduced mortgage insurance costs and combine this program with CHFA's down payment assistance programs.
• CHFA Government-Insured Mortgage Programs :  Get an FHA, VA, or USDA loan with a below-market rate and down payment assistance.
• Down Payment Assistance Program Loan : Get up to $20,000 in down payment and closing cost assistance in the form of a second mortgage with a 1% interest rate.
• Time To Own - Forgivable Down Payment Assistance : This program offers a loan for up to $50,000 to cover down payment and closing costs. The loan comes with a 0% rate and is forgiven over the course of 10 years.
• FHA 203(k) Renovation Mortgage Program : Get a low interest rate on a loan that wraps up the cost of home repairs into your mortgage.
• Mobile Manufactured Home Loan Program : If you are buying a mobile home or manufactured home, you can get a low interest rate and reduced closing costs.
• Homeownership for Residents of Public Housing : This program is geared toward those who currently receive public rental assistance or live in public rental housing, offering a low-interest-rate mortgage and down payment assistance.

Delaware Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Delaware is higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home value in Delaware is $374,808, and home values have increased 2.6% over the past year. 

Delaware Mortgage Rates

These are current mortgage rates in Delaware. Plug today's rates into our calculator below to see how much you could pay for a mortgage each month in Delaware.

Delaware Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Delaware, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Delaware First-Time Homebuyer Information

You may qualify for the following assistance from the Delaware State Housing Authority :

• Homeownership Loan: The DSHA offers reduced-rate 30-year mortgages for those who meet household income limits.
• First State Home Loan: This zero-interest loan provides up to a 4% down payment and closing cost assistance. The loan must be repaid once the home is sold or refinanced.
• First-Time Homebuyer Tax Credit Program: Claim 35% of your interest paid on your federal taxes, up to $2,000 per year.

Florida Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Florida is higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home value in Florida is $392,922, and home values have increased 0.7% over the past year. 

Florida Mortgage Rates

Check out the latest mortgage rates in Florida and plug them into the calculator below to see what your monthly mortgage payment could be in this state.

Florida Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Florida, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Florida First-Time Homebuyer Information

You may qualify for the following assistance from the Florida Housing Finance Corporation :

• Homebuyer Program:  This is a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage available through participating lenders. This loan can be combined with Florida Housing's down payment assistance.
• The Florida Assist:  Get up to $10,000 for down payment assistance in the form of a 0% second mortgage that doesn't need to be paid back until you sell or refinance.
• The Florida Homeownership Loan Program Second Mortgage:  This down payment assistance loan, which also offers up to $10,000, will need to be paid back each month, and you'll owe the remaining balance when you sell or refinance.
• HFA Preferred and HFA Advantage PLUS Second Mortgage : Get a forgivable second mortgage for 3%, 4%, or 5% of the loan amount. The loan is forgiven over a 5-year term.

Georgia Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Georgia is lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home value in Georgia is $319,271, and home values have increased 0.7% over the past year. 

Georgia Mortgage Rates

These are today's mortgage rates in Georgia. Plug in the rate for the type of mortgage you want into the calculator below to see how much you could pay each month for a home in Georgia.

Georgia Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Georgia, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Georgia First-Time Homebuyer Information

If you're buying your first home in Georgia, you may be eligible for financial assistance through the Georgia Department of Community Affairs .

Georgia Dream Homeownership Program:   Get a down payment loan for up to $10,000 or $12,500 if you're a public protector, educator, healthcare worker, or active military member, or if a member of your family has a disability.

Hawaii Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Hawaii is more than double the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home value in Hawaii is $840,928, and home values have decreased 2% over the past year. 

Hawaii Mortgage Rates

These are today's mortgage rates in Hawaii. Plug in the rate for the type of mortgage you want into the calculator below to see how much you could pay each month for a home in Hawaii

Hawaii Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Hawaii, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Hawaii First-Time Homebuyer Information

You may be able to get the following assistance through the Hawaii Housing Finance & Development Corporation:

• HHFDC Mortgage Credit Certificate Program :  If you get a mortgage through a participating lender, you can claim a certain percentage of the interest you pay on your mortgage each year on your federal taxes.

Idaho Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Idaho is higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home value in Idaho is $444,557, and home values have decreased 8.3% over the past year. 

Idaho Mortgage Rates

These are today's mortgage rates in Idaho. Plug in the rate for the type of mortgage you want into the calculator below to see how much you could pay each month for a home in

Idaho Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Idaho, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Idaho First-Time Homebuyer Information

If you get a mortgage through a participating lender, you may qualify for one or both of the following programs from the Idaho Housing and Finance Association :

• Idaho Housing home loans:  You may be eligible to get a conventional or government-backed mortgage through Idaho Housing. These loans come with lower rates, down payment and closing cost assistance, and low or no mortgage insurance.
• Down payment/closing cost assistance : You may receive up to 10% of the home sale price. You'll need to provide at least 0.5% of the sales price using your own funds. This assistance is available in the form of a forgivable loan or a second mortgage that must be paid back over time.

Illinois Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Illinois is lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home value in Illinois is $252,134, and home values have increased 2.5% over the past year. 

Illinois Mortgage Rates

Here are mortgage rates today in Illinois. Use these rates in the calculator below to see how much you might pay each month for a house in Illinois.

Illinois Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Illinois, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Illinois First-Time Homebuyer Information

If you're looking for financial assistance, the Illinois Housing Development Authority has a few programs to choose from:

• Opening Doors:  Get a forgivable $6,000 loan that you won't need to repay as long as you stay in the home for five years.
• IHDAccess Forgivable: Borrow 4% of the price of your home, up to $6,000. Your loan may be forgiven after 10 years.
• IHDAccess Deferred: Borrow 5% of the home price, up to $7,500. You'll pay off the loan when you sell the home or refinance your loan.
• IHDAccess Repayable: Borrow 10% of your home price, up to $10,000. You'll make monthly payments to pay off the loan over 10 years.

Indiana Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Indiana is much lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home value in Indiana is $233,511, and home values have increased 3.1% over the past year. 

Indiana Mortgage Rates

These are current mortgage rates in Indiana. Use these rates in the calculator below to see how much you might pay each month for a house in this state.

Indiana Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Indiana, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Indiana First-Time Homebuyer Information

You may qualify for the following assistance from the Indiana Housing and Community Development Authority :

• First Place program: For first-time homebuyers, receive 6% of the home purchase price for down payment assistance.
• Next Home program: Receive up to 3.5% of the home purchase price for down payment assistance.

Iowa Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Iowa is much lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home value in Iowa is $212,075, and home values have increased 2.7% over the past year. 

Iowa Mortgage Rates

Check out current mortgage rates in Iowa and see how these rates could impact your monthly payment in the calculator below.

Iowa Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Iowa, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Iowa First-Time Homebuyer Information

The  Iowa Finance Authority has several financial assistance programs for first-time homebuyers who borrow from participating lenders:

• FirstHome Mortgage Program :  Get an IFA loan with a participating lender and enjoy lower rates and fewer fees.
• FirstHome Down Payment Program :  Down payment/closing cost assistance from the IFA can come in the form of a $2,500 grant or a deferred loan for up to 5% of the sales price. The loan must be paid back when the home is sold or refinanced.
• Homes for Iowans Mortgage Program : This mortgage is like the FirstHome program but is available to both first-time and repeat homebuyers.
• Homes for Iowans Down Payment Program : This works similarly to FirstHome down payment assistance, coming in the form of a $2,500 grant or 5% deferred loan.
• Military Homeownership Assistance Program: If you're an active-service military member or a veteran, you may be eligible for a $5,000 grant. You don't have to pay back the grant, and you can combine this assistance with FirstHome or Homes for Iowans assistance.

Kansas Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Kansas is significantly lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Kansas is $219,861, and home values have increased 4.1% over the past year. 

Kansas Mortgage Rates

See current mortgage rates in Kansas and see how today's rates could impact your monthly payment in the calculator below. 

Kansas Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Kansas, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Kansas First-Time Homebuyer Information

• First Time Homebuyer Program : Kansas Housing offers down payment assistance loans. Borrow 15% or 20% of your home's purchase price at no interest. Kansas Housing will forgive your loan if you stay in the home for 10 years.

Kentucky Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Kentucky is a little over half the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Kentucky is $197,657, and home values have increased 3.4% over the past year. 

Kentucky Mortgage Rates

See the latest Kentucky mortgage rates and use the calculator below to find out how much you could pay each month for a home in this state.

Kentucky Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Kentucky, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Kentucky First-Time Homebuyer Information

If you get a mortgage through a Kentucky Housing Corporatio n approved lender, you can get a lower interest rate and may be eligible for assistance:

• Regular Down Payment Assistance : Receive a loan of up to $10,000 and repay it over 10 years at a 3.75% interest rate.
• Home Buyer Tax Credit : Get a federal income tax reduction equal to 20% of the mortgage interest you pay each year.

Louisiana Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Louisiana is lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Louisiana is $200,613, and home values have decreased 3.8% over the past year. 

Louisiana Mortgage Rates

These are the current mortgage rates in Louisiana. Plus these rates into our free mortgage calculator below to see how much you could end up paying each month for a home in Louisiana.

Louisiana Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Louisiana, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Louisiana First-Time Homebuyer Information

The  Louisiana Housing Corporation has several types of financial assistance if you work with a participating lender:

• MRB Home and Assisted Programs : LHC's mortgage revenue bond program offers low interest rates, reduced mortgage insurance, and between 5% and 9% in down payment and closing cost assistance for borrowers who meet income limits. The MRB Assisted program has expanded eligibility compared to MRB Home and includes a loan for up to 4% of your mortgage amount for down payment and closing cost assistance.
• Market Rate Programs: Get a government-backed or conventional mortgage through LHC and enjoy up to 4% in assistance, no origination or discount fees, and reduced private mortgage insurance (on conventional loans).
• Premier Program : This is another mortgage option offered through LHC that includes conventional and government-backed loans. Those who meet income limits can get reduced mortgage insurance (on conventional loans) and no origination or discount fees.
• Delta 100 Program : Those in eligible parishes who don't have traditional credit may qualify for one of these mortgages, which come with 100% financing, no mortgage insurance, and 3% in closing cost assistance. 
• Mortgage Credit Certificate Program : Claim 40% of the interest paid on your mortgage on your federal taxes, up to $2,000 per year.
• Pathways to Homeownership Program : If you qualify, you'll receive a loan of 20% of the home purchase price, up to $55,000, and the government will forgive the loan if you live in the home for at least 10 years. You may also get an additional $5,000 toward closing costs.
• Keys for Service : This program offers 4% in down payment/closing cost assistance to individuals in public service jobs, such as teachers, firefighters, or healthcare workers. The assistance comes in the form of a loan that is forgiven over five years.

Maine Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Maine is higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Maine is $389,848, and home values have increased 4.6% over the past year. 

Maine Mortgage Rates

These are the latest mortgage rates in Maine. Use these rates to see how much you might pay each month for a mortgage by plugging them into the calculator below.

Maine Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Maine, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Maine First-Time Homebuyer Information

MaineHousing , the state's housing authority, offers the First Home Loan Program , which comes with low interest rates and down payment/closing cost assistance up to $5,000.

Additionally, active military members and veterans may be able to get a 0.50% discount on their First Home Loan rate.

Maryland Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Maryland is much higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Maryland is $407,656, and home values have increased 1.9% over the past year. 

Maryland Mortgage Rates

Here are current mortgage rates in Maryland. Plug these rates into the mortgage calculator below to see how much you might pay for a mortgage in Maryland.

Maryland Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Maryland, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Maryland First-Time Homebuyer Information

You may be eligible for financial assistance through the Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development if you get your mortgage through a participating lender. Here are your options:

• MMP 1st Time Advantage : Get a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage with a low interest rate. This mortgage also comes with a few different down payment/closing cost options in the form of zero-interest deferred loans. Depending on your income, you could qualify for $6,000 in assistance or between 3% and 6% of the loan amount in assistance. The state also offers a similar program for repeat homebuyers called MMP Flex Loans.
• Partner Match : Employers, home builders, community organizations, and local governments may offer down payment assistance that can be matched by the Maryland Mortgage Program, up to $2,500.
• Maryland SmartBuy : You can get a loan of up to 15% (max $20,000) of your home purchase price to pay off student loans, and you must pay off the student loans before closing on the home.

Massachusetts Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Massachusetts is much higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Massachusetts is $590,793, and home values have increased 2.7% over the past year. 

Massachusetts Mortgage Rates

Check out current mortgage rates in Massachusetts and use the calculator below to see how much you might pay each month for a mortgage based on today's rates.

Massachusetts Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Massachusetts, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Massachusetts First-Time Homebuyer Information

You may qualify for one of the following financial assistance programs from MassHousing if you get a mortgage from a participating lender:

• MassHousing Mortgage Loans : Get a low-interest-rate conventional or FHA mortgage through MassHousing.
• Down Payment Assistance : Get up to $50,000 in the form of a zero-interest deferred loan or a 15-year loan with a 2% interest rate.
• MI Plus Job-Loss Protection : Receive up to $2,000 per month for up to six months if you lose your job.

MassHousing loans also come with a $2,500 closing cost credit for military members, veterans, or Gold Star Families.

In addition to assistance from MassHousing, Massachusetts residents also have options through the Massachusetts Housing Partnership. This includes the ONE Mortgage and MassDREAMS grant program .

Michigan Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Michigan is lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Michigan is $237,918, and home values have increased 1.5% over the past year. 

Michigan Mortgage Rates

Here are today's mortgage rates in Michigan. Use the calculator below to see how much you might pay each month for a mortgage based on today's rates.

Michigan Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Michigan, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Michigan First-Time Homebuyer Information

Michiganders looking for homebuying assistance can get help through the Michigan State Housing Development Authority .

• MI Home Loan :  Get up to $10,000 in down payment assistance in the form of a loan if you meet income and credit score requirements.
• Mortgage Credit Certificate : Get a federal tax credit for 20% of the annual mortgage interest you pay.

Minnesota Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Minnesota is slightly lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Minnesota is $331,895, and home values have decreased 0.2% over the past year. 

Minnesota Mortgage Rates

These are the latest mortgage rates in Minnesota. Plug today's rates into the calculator below to see how much you might pay each month for a mortgage in this state.

Minnesota Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Minnesota, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Minnesota First-Time Homebuyer Information

You may be eligible for assistance through the Minnesota Housing Finance Agency if you get a mortgage from a participating lender.

• Start Up:  This program lets you get a mortgage through Minnesota Housing with down payment and closing cost assistance in the form of a loan of up to $18,000. This loan will either need to be paid on a monthly basis over 10 years, or it may be deferred until the end of the mortgage term, depending on what you qualify for.

Mississippi Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Mississippi is about half the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Mississippi is $177,536, and home values have decreased 1.6% over the past year. 

Mississippi Mortgage Rates

These are current mortgage rates in Mississippi. Plug today's rates into the mortgage calculator below to see how much you could pay each month for a house in this state.

Mississippi Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Mississippi, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Mississippi First-Time Homebuyer Information

You may eligible for one or more of the following programs from the Mississippi Home Corporation :

• Smart6 : This program offers a mortgage with a second $6,000 zero-interest deferred loan to cover down payment and closing costs.
• MRB 7 : Get a low-interest-rate mortgage and up to $7,000 for down payment assistance. This comes in the form of a zero-interest deferred loan that is forgivable after 10 years.
• Housing Assistance for Teachers : The state will give you a $6,000 grant toward your mortgage costs if you're a public school teacher in certain counties and subject areas. You don't need to repay this grant provided you remain employed for at least three years in a school district with a critical shortage of teachers.
• Mortgage Credit Certificate : Claim 40% of the interest you pay on your mortgage on your federal taxes, up to $2,000 per year. You can combine the MCC program with the Mississippi Home Corporation's other assistance loans.

Missouri Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Missouri is less than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Missouri is $239,406, and home values have increased 2.6% over the past year. 

Missouri Mortgage Rates

Check out current mortgage rates in Missouri. Use today's rates to see how much you could end up paying for a mortgage in this state by plugging them into the calculator below.

Missouri Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Missouri, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Missouri First-Time Homebuyer Information

The Missouri Housing Development Commission offers the following forms of assistance to homebuyers in the state:

• First Place : This program offers mortgages with low mortgage rates and cash assistance for down payment and closing costs. Get up to 4% of your mortgage amount in the form of a forgivable loan. You'll need to stay in the home and keep your original mortgage for 10 years to have the assistance forgiven.
• Next Step : If you don't meet the income limits for First Place, you might qualify for Next Step. Get a low-rate mortgage and a forgivable second loan for up to 4% of the mortgage amount. 
• Mortgage Credit Certificate : Get a federal tax reduction for up to 45% of your annual mortgage interest paid, up to $2,000.

Montana Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Montana is more than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Montana is $454,414, and home values have decreased 1.7% over the past year. 

Montana Mortgage Rates

Check out current mortgage rates in Montana and plug today's rates into the calculator below to see how much you might pay each month for a mortgage in this state.

Montana Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Montana, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Montana First-Time Homebuyer Information

Montana Housing offers the following loans and down payment assistance for first-time homebuyers:

• Regular Bond Program:  A 30-year mortgage with lower interest rates than what you'll get elsewhere. Available on single-family homes, condos, and manufactured homes.
• Special Programs:  Montana homebuyers who get down payment assistance through a Montana Board of Housing-partnered organization can combine this assistance with a low-interest Montana Housing mortgage.
• 80% Combined Program:  This program combines a Montana Housing loan with a second loan from a partnering non-profit that covers 20% of the home value, eliminating the need for you to pay mortgage insurance.
• Montana Veterans' Home Loan Program:  This mortgage is available to military members and offers an interest rate that is 1% lower than market rates.
• Mortgage Credit Certificate:  Get a dollar-for-dollar reduction in your federal tax obligation for 20% of your mortgage interest paid each year, up to $2,000.
• Bond Advantage Down Payment Assistance Program: Receive a loan for up to 5% of the home sale price, with a max of $15,000. You'll pay off the loan over 15 years.
• MBOH Plus 0% Deferred Down Payment Assistance Program: Borrow up to 5% of your home sale price, max $15,000. You won't pay any interest or make monthly payments. You'll pay off the loan when you sell, refinance, or pay off your mortgage completely.

Nebraska Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Nebraska is lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Nebraska is $254,571, and home values have increased 4.2% over the past year. 

Nebraska Mortgage Rates

Plug current mortgage rates in Nebraska into the free mortgage calculator below to see how much you might pay each month for a home in this state.

Nebraska Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Nebraska, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Nebraska First-Time Homebuyer Information

You may qualify for financial assistance from the Nebraska Investment Finance Authority if you get a mortgage through a participating lender. Here are your options: 

• First Home Program : You can get a low mortgage rate through this program and up to 5% of the purchase price in down payment and closing cost assistance. This assistance comes in the form of a loan with a 1% interest rate.
• Military Home Program : You can get a low interest rate on your mortgage if you're an active military member or qualified veteran.

Nevada Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Nevada is higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Nevada is $418,743, and home values have decreased 8% over the past year. 

Nevada Mortgage Rates

These are current mortgage rates in Nevada. Plug the rate for the type of mortgage you want into the calculator below to see how much you could pay each month to buy a home in this state.

Nevada Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Nevada, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Nevada First-Time Homebuyer Information

The Nevada Housing Division offers the following assistance for first-time homebuyers in the state:

• Home is Possible : Get a low-rate mortgage with up to 4% of the mortgage amount in down payment assistance. This assistance comes in the form of a loan that is forgivable after seven years. 
• Home First : This program offers a mortgage combined with $15,000 in down payment assistance.

New Hampshire Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in New Hampshire is much higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in New Hampshire is $453,001, and home values have increased 4.8% over the past year. 

New Hampshire Mortgage Rates

Here are current mortgage rates in New Hampshire. Use today's rates to see how much you could pay for a mortgage using the free calculator below.

New Hampshire Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in New Hampshire, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

New Hampshire First-Time Homebuyer Information

If you get a mortgage from a participating lender, you may qualify for financial assistance through New Hampshire Housing . Here are your options:

• Down payment and closing cost assistance: Receive a loan for up to $10,000. New Hampshire Housing may forgive the loan after five years.
• Home First and Home First Plus:  These programs offer low-interest-rate mortgages with the option to get $5,000 or $10,000 in down payment assistance.
• 1stGenHomeNH:  First generation homebuyers may be eligible for $10,000 in assistance when buying a home through New Hampshire Housing.
• Home Preferred: If you earn a low-to-moderate income, you may qualify for a mortgage with discounted mortgage insurance.
• Rehabilitation mortgage program: If you're buying a home that needs significant repairs, add up to $35,000 to your mortgage for renovation costs.
• Homebuyer tax credit: Claim up to $2,000 of the interest you pay on your mortgage on your federal taxes.

New Jersey Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in New Jersey is much higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in New Jersey is $492,394, and home values have increased 5.2% over the past year. 

New Jersey Mortgage Rates

Here are current mortgage rates in New Jersey. Plug in today's rates into the mortgage calculator below to see how much you could pay each month to buy a home in New Jersey.

New Jersey Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in New Jersey, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

New Jersey First-Time Homebuyer Information

New Jersey residents may be eligible for assistance through the state's Housing and Mortgage Finance Authority .

• Down Payment Assistance : You can get up to $15,000 for down payment or closing cost assistance from the New Jersey Housing and Mortgage Finance Agency. This loan is forgivable after five years, and there's no interest or monthly payments.
• First Generation Down Payment Assistance:  First generation homebuyers can get $7,000 in down payment and closing cost assistance through the NJHMFA. This can be used in conjunction with the agency's regular down payment assistance program.
• HFA Advantage Mortgage:  Get a conventional mortgage through the NJHMFA with affordable mortgage insurance and a low down payment. You can use this program in conjunction with down payment assistance. NJFMFA also has similar programs that offer FHA, VA, and USDA loans.
• Police and Firemen's Retirement System Mortgage Program: This is a mortgage geared toward members of the New Jersey Police and Firefighter Retirement System with one year of creditable service.

New Mexico Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in New Mexico is lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in New Mexico is $293,280, and home values have increased 2.7% over the past year. 

New Mexico Mortgage Rates

See the latest mortgage rates in New Mexico and plug today's rates into the free mortgage calculator below to see how much you might pay for a mortgage each month in this state.

New Mexico Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in New Mexico, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

New Mexico First-Time Homebuyer Information

You might be eligible for one of the following programs through the New Mexico Mortgage Finance Authority :

• First Home and FirstDown: Get a mortgage through FirstHome, the state's mortgage program, and receive a loan to cover your closing costs or a down payment with the FirstDown assistance program. You can talk with your lender about repayment terms.
• HomeNow:  Lower-income homebuyers can get a $7,000 zero-interest loan to cover their down payments and closing costs. The loan may be forgiven after 10 years.
• HomeForward:  This mortgage can be used alone or with HomeForward down payment assistance. This comes in the form of a loan equal to 3% of the sales price.

New York Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in New York is higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in New York is $449,826, and home values have increased 0.8% over the past year. 

New York Mortgage Rates

Check out current mortgage rates for New York. Plug today's rates into the mortgage calculator below to see how much you could end up paying each month for a home in New York.

New York Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in New York, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

New York First-Time Homebuyer Information

If you get a mortgage through a participating lender, you may be eligible for one or more of the following programs from the  State of New York Mortgage Agency :

• Achieving the Dream and Low Interest Rate: These are SONYMA's two low-interest-rate mortgage options that allow down payments as low as 3%. They can be combined with other SONYMA assistance. Borrowers may also qualify for other conventional or FHA mortgages through SONYMA.
• Down Payment Assistance Loan and DPAL PLUS ATD: You can borrow up to $15,000 for down payment assistance. There's no interest rate, and SONYMA may forgive the loan after 10 years. With the PLUS program, you could get up to $30,000.
• Homes for Veterans: Military families can get a mortgage with a low interest rate. You can use a Down Payment Assistance Loan with this program.
• RemodelNY: Receive financial assistance when you buy a home that needs major repairs. A RemodelNY loan can be combined with the Homes for Veterans program.
• Graduate to Homeownership: You can get a low-interest mortgage if you've graduated from college in that last 48 months. This program can be combined with the Down Payment Assistance Loan and RemodelNY.
• Neighborhood Revitalization: If you buy a home in certain parts of New York, you can get up to $20,000 to restore the home. This program can be combined with other SONYMA programs.
• Give Us Credit: Residents of New York City and Long Island who have less reliable sources of income may qualify for a 30-year mortgage with flexible credit criteria.
• ENERGY STAR: If you're buying an energy-efficient home, you can get a reduced interest rate.
• Manufactured Home Mortgage: You may qualify for financial assistance if you're buying a manufactured home.

North Carolina Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in North Carolina is slightly lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in North Carolina is $321,207, and home values have increased 1% over the past year. 

North Carolina Mortgage Rates

Check out the latest mortgage rates in North Carolina and use the calculator below to see how today's rates could impact your monthly mortgage payment.

North Carolina Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in North Carolina, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

North Carolina First-Time Homebuyer Information

If you get a mortgage from a participating lender and are either a first-time homebuyer or an army veteran, you may qualify for financial assistance through the North Carolina Housing Finance Agency . Here are your options:

• NC 1st Home Advantage Down Payment Program : Borrowers getting a mortgage through the North Carolina Housing Finance Agency can get up to $15,000 for down payment assistance. You'll pay back the loan if you sell, refinance, or transfer your home within 15 years. Otherwise, the state forgives your loan after 15 years.
• NC Home Advantage Tax Credit : Claim 30% of the interest paid on your mortgage each year on your federal taxes, or 50% if the house is a new construction. You can claim up to $2,000 per year. This program can be combined with the state's down payment assistance program.

North Dakota Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in North Dakota is lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in North Dakota is $257,503, and home values have increased 0.3% over the past year. 

North Dakota Mortgage Rates

Here are current North Dakota mortgage rates. Use the calculator below to see how today's rates could impact your monthly mortgage payment.

North Dakota Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in North Dakota, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

North Dakota First-Time Homebuyer Information

The North Dakota Housing Finance Agency offers a few different affordable mortgages for residents, including:

• FirstHome: This mortgage is specifically for first-time homebuyers who meet income and purchase price limits.
• HomeAccess: You may qualify for this mortgage if you're a single parent, if your spouse served in the military, or if you, your spouse, or your dependent is disabled or 65 or older.
• North Dakota Roots: This low-interest mortgage offered by NDHFA has no income or purchase price limits.
• Targeted Area Loan: This reduced-rate mortgage is specifically for borrowers purchasing in a designated Target Area.

These mortgages can then be combined with NDHFA's assistance, which offers 3% of the mortgage amount in the form of a credit toward your down payment or closing costs

Ohio Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Ohio is significantly lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Ohio is $218,865, and home values have increased 3.5% over the past year. 

Ohio Mortgage Rates

Check out current mortgage rates for Ohio and use the calculator below to see how today's rates could impact your monthly mortgage payment.

Ohio Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Ohio, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Ohio First-Time Homebuyer Information

The Ohio Housing Finance Agency offers financial assistance if you get a mortgage through a participating lender. Here are your options:

• YourChoice! Down Payment Assistance : Receive either a 2.5% or 5% loan for down payment assistance or closing costs. The loan is forgiven after seven years as long as you still live in the home and haven't refinanced. 
• Grants for Grads : This program is similar to the YourChoice! program, except the loan may be forgiven after five years if you've graduated from school in the last 48 months.
• Ohio Heroes : You can get a discounted mortgage rate if you are an active military member, military veteran, firefighter (professional or volunteer), paramedic, EMT, police officer, nurse, nurse practitioner, physician, STNA, teacher (pre-K through grade 12), counselor, or administrator.
• Mortgage Tax Credit : Claim 40% of the interest you pay on your mortgage on your federal taxes, up to $2,000 per year. You can combine this program with the YourChoice! program, if you choose the 2.5% down payment assistance option.
• Target Area Search : You may qualify for a low-interest mortgage if you're buying a home in certain parts of Ohio.

Oklahoma Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Oklahoma is much lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Oklahoma is $198,629, and home values have increased 3% over the past year. 

Oklahoma Mortgage Rates

See today's mortgage rates in Oklahoma and use the calculator below to see how these rates could impact your monthly mortgage payment in this state.

Oklahoma Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Oklahoma, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Oklahoma First-Time Homebuyer Information

The Oklahoma Housing Finance Agency offers down payment/closing cost assistance equal to 3.5% of your mortgage amount. You may get a reduced interest rate if you're a teacher, state employee, or first responder.

Oregon Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Oregon is much higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Oregon is $494,577, and home values have decreased 3.2% over the past year. 

Oregon Mortgage Rates

See current mortgage rates in Oregon and use today's rates to see how much a monthly mortgage could cost in this state by plugging these rates into the calculator below.

Oregon Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Oregon, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Oregon First-Time Homebuyer Information

You may qualify for financial assistance through Oregon Housing and Community Services if you get your mortgage through a participating lender. Here are your options:

• Oregon Bond Residential Loan Program : Get a low-interest mortgage through the OHCS with two options for additional assistance. The Cash Advantage option gives borrowers 3% of the loan amount in cash assistance for their closing costs. The Rate Advantage lowers you interest rate, giving you a smaller monthly payment.
• Flex Lending : This mortgage comes with a down payment assistance loan for 4% or 5% of the mortgage amount. Lower-income borrowers may be eligible for the forgivable version of this loan, which has no monthly payments.

Pennsylvania Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Pennsylvania is much higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Pennsylvania is $494,577, and home values have decreased 3.2% over the past year. 

Pennsylvania Mortgage Rates

These are current mortgage rates in Pennsylvania. Plug these rates into the free mortgage calculator below to see how much you could pay each month for a mortgage in this state.

Pennsylvania Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Pennsylvania, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Pennsylvania First-Time Homebuyer Information

The Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency offers a few different mortgage options that come with low interest rates and fees. These can be paired with PHFA's assistance loans , which include:

• Keystone Advantage Assistance Loan Program: Borrow up to 4% of the home sale price or $6,000, whichever is less. You can use this money for down payment or closing cost assistance. You won't pay any interest, and you'll pay back the loan over 10 years.
• Keystone Forgivable in Ten Years Loan Program:  As the name suggests, this second mortgage is forgiven over the course of 10 years. You could receive up to 5% of the purchase price in assistance. 
• Employer Assisted Housing Initiative: If your employer participates in this program, you can receive a Keystone Advantage Loan for up to $8,000.
• HOMEstead Down Payment and Closing Cost Assistance Loan: Borrow up to $10,000 for a down payment or closing costs. You won't pay interest, and the government forgives 20% per year for five years. You must meet certain income and home purchase price requirements to qualify for this loan.
• Programs for Persons with Disabilities: If you or a family member is disabled, you may receive money to make necessary improvements to the home you buy. You can also borrow up to $15,000 through the Access Down Payment and Closing Cost Assistance Program. You may be able to combine this assistance with other PHFA programs.

Rhode Island Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Rhode Island is significantly higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Rhode Island is $436,612, and home values have increased 4.2% over the past year. 

Rhode Island Mortgage Rates

Here are current mortgage rates for Rhode Island. Plug the latest rates into the calculator below to estimate how much you'll spend on a monthly mortgage payment in this state.

Rhode Island Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Rhode Island, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Rhode Island First-Time Homebuyer Information

If you get a mortgage from a participating lender, you may be eligible for one of the following programs through Rhode Island Housing :

• 10kDPA : This program offers $10,000 in down payment assistance in the form of a zero-interest deferred loan.
• FirstGenHomeRI : First generation homebuyers may be eligible for $25,000 in down payment/closing cost assistance. This loan may be forgiven after five years.
• Extra Assistance : Borrow up to 6% of your home purchase price or $15,000, whichever is lower, for down payment and closing cost assistance. You'll pay the same interest rate on this loan as you will on your mortgage.

South Carolina Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in South Carolina is lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in South Carolina is $287,598, and home values have increased 1.8% over the past year. 

South Carolina Mortgage Rates

Here are current mortgage rates in South Carolina. Plug the rate for the type of loan you want into our mortgage calculator to see what an average monthly mortgage payment could look like in this state.

South Carolina Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in South Carolina, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

South Carolina First-Time Homebuyer Information

• Homebuyer Program : This mortgage from South Carolina Housing comes with low interest rates and down payment assistance for eligible borrowers. The down payment assistance is a 15-year forgivable loan with no interest and no monthly payments.
• Mortgage credit certificate: This program allows homebuyers to reduce their federal income tax obligations by up to $2,000 per year.

South Dakota Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in South Dakota is lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in South Dakota is $297,041, and home values have increased 0.9% over the past year. 

South Dakota Mortgage Rates

These are South Dakota's mortgage rates today. Use these rates to help determine how much you could pay for a monthly mortgage in this state using the calculator below.

South Dakota Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in South Dakota, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

South Dakota First-Time Homebuyer Information

If you get a mortgage from a participating lender, you may be eligible for financial assistance through the  South Dakota Housing Development Authority . SDHDA offers mortgages and 3% or 5% in down payment/closing cost assistance . This is a deferred, zero-interest loan.

Tennessee Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Tennessee is lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Tennessee is $297,041, and home values have increased 0.9% over the past year. 

Tennessee Mortgage Rates

These are today's mortgage rates in Tennessee. Plug today's rates into the mortgage calculator below to see how much you could pay for a mortgage each month in this state.

Tennessee Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Tennessee, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Tennessee First-Time Homebuyer Information

You may qualify for financial assistance through the Tennessee Housing Development Agency if you get a mortgage from a participating lender. Here are your options:

• Great Choice Home Loans : These mortgages from THDA allow loan down payments and can be combined with down payment assistance.
• Down Payment Assistance : Get a deferred loan for $6,000 with no interest that must be repaid when the home is sold or refinanced. Alternatively, the loan may be forgiven at the end of the 30-year mortgage term. Or, you can get a 6% loan that must be paid back along with the mortgage.
• Homeownership for Heroes : If you're an active military member or a veteran, you can get a 0.5% discount on your mortgage interest rate.

Texas Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Texas is lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Texas is $302,281, and home values have decreased 2% over the past year. 

Texas Mortgage Rates

Check out the latest mortgage rates in Texas and use the mortgage calculator below to see how much you could pay for a monthly mortgage with today's rates.

Texas Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Texas, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Texas First-Time Homebuyer Information

The Texas State Affordable Housing Corporation offers financial assistance if you get a mortgage through a participating lender. You may qualify for one of the following:

• Home for Texas Heroes Program : This program is for teachers, veterans, correction officers, police officers, firefighters, and emergency medical service workers in Texas.
• Home Sweet Texas Home Loan Program : If you earn a low-to-moderate income, you may qualify for down payment assistance either as a grant or deferred, forgivable loan.
• Mortgage Credit Certificate : Claim 20% of interest paid on your mortgage on your federal taxes each year. You can combine the MCC program with either the Home for Texas Heroes or Home Sweet Texas Home Loan programs.

Or you might be eligible for one of the following programs through the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs :

• My First Texas Home : Receive a loan of up to 5% of your mortgage amount for down payment and closing cost assistance. You must be a military veteran or first-time homebuyer.
• My Choice Texas Home : If you're a veteran or repeat homebuyer, you can get a loan of up to 5% of your mortgage amount to help with closing and down payment costs.

Utah Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Utah is much higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Utah is $510,173, and home values have decreased 5.6% over the past year. 

Utah Mortgage Rates

Here are today's mortgage rates in Utah. Plug the latest rates into our mortgage calculator below to see how much you could pay each month for a home in this state.

Utah Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Utah, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Utah First-Time Homebuyer Information

The Utah Housing Corporation offers assistance to first-time homebuyers through mortgages and down payment assistance. Apply with a participating lender to learn more.

Vermont Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Vermont is higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Vermont is $393,838, and home values have increased 3.8% over the past year. 

Vermont Mortgage Rates

These are current mortgage rates in Vermont. To see how today's rates could impact your monthly housing payment, plug the rate for the type of loan you want into the mortgage calculator below.

Vermont Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Vermont, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Vermont First-Time Homebuyer Information

You may qualify for financial assistance through the Vermont Housing Finance Agency if you get a mortgage from a participating lender. Here are your options:

• ASSIST: Borrow up to $15,000 for a down payment or closing costs. You won't pay interest on the loan, and you'll repay it when you sell the home, refinance, or completely pay off your mortgage.
• ADVANTAGE: This is a low-down-payment mortgage with $825 property transfer tax savings at closing.
• MOVE: Get a low interest rate along with property transfer tax savings. It can also be combined with a mortgage credit certificate for up to $2,000 in savings on your federal income taxes.
• Mortgage Credit Certificate: Claim the interest paid on your mortgage on your federal taxes, up to $2,000 per year.

Virginia Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Virginia is higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Virginia is $373,423, and home values have increased 3.1% over the past year. 

Virginia Mortgage Rates

Here are current mortgage rates in Virginia. To see how today's rates could impact your monthly housing payment, plug the rate for the type of loan you want into the mortgage calculator below.

Virginia Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Virginia, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Virginia First-Time Homebuyer Information

Virginia Housing offers a variety of different mortgages for homebuyers, including options with no mortgage insurance. The state also offers down payment assistance, including:

• Virginia Housing Plus Second Mortgage:  This is a loan for between 3% and 5% of the home purchase price to cover your down payment.
• Down Payment Assistance Grant : If you get a mortgage through a participating lender, Virginia Housing may give you a grant for 2% to 2.5% of your home purchase price for down payment assistance. You do not have to repay Virginia Housing for this grant.

The Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development also has a down payment assistance program that offers grants for 10% to 15% of the home price and $2,500 toward closing costs.

Washington Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Washington is drastically higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Washington is $574,114, and home values have decreased 4.1% over the past year. 

Washington Mortgage Rates

Here are the latest mortgage rates in Washington state. To see how today's rates could impact your monthly housing payment, plug the rate for the type of loan you want into the mortgage calculator below.

Washington Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Washington, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Washington First-Time Homebuyer Information

If you get a mortgage from a participating lender, you may be eligible for financial assistance through the Washington State Housing Finance Commission . Here are your options:

• Home Advantage Down Payment Assistance : Borrow up to 5% of the amount of your mortgage for down payment assistance. You won't pay any interest on this loan, and repayment is deferred for 30 years.
• Home Advantage DPA Needs-based Option : If you earn a low-to-moderate income, you might be able to borrow $10,000 for down payment assistance. You'll repay the loan after 30 years and pay a 1% interest rate.
• Opportunities DPA : If you get an Opportunity mortgage , you can receive up to $15,000 toward a down payment and pay off the loan over 30 years at a 1% rate.
• Veterans DPA : You can borrow up to $10,000 for a down payment as a military veteran. You'll repay the loan after 30 years at a 3% interest rate.
• HomeChoice DPA : You can borrow up to $15,000 for down payment assistance if someone living in the house has a disability. You'll repay the loan after 30 years or when you sell or refinance, and you'll pay a 1% rate.

The WSHFC also lists programs for residents of specific cities and counties across Washington.

Washington, DC Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Washington, DC is much higher than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Washington DC is $618,432, and home values have decreased 4.2% over the past year. 

Washington, DC Mortgage Rates

Here's the latest mortgage rates for Washington, DC. Plug today's rates into the mortgage calculator below to see how much you could pay for a monthly mortgage here.

Washington, DC Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Washington, DC, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Washington, DC First-Time Homebuyer Information

The  DC Housing Finance Agency has several options for first-time homebuyers:

• DC Open Doors : You can get a low rate and discounted mortgage insurance costs through a participating lender. You also may get a down payment assistance loan. You'll either repay the loan after 30 years, or upon selling the home or transferring the property to another person. 
• Mortgage Credit Certificate : Claim up to 20% of the interest paid on your mortgage on your federal taxes each year.
• Home Purchase Assistance Program : If you're a first-time homebuyer, get a no-interest loan for down payment and closing cost assistance.
• DC4ME : If you're a DC government employee, you can get a low rate on a first trust loan. You may also get 3% for a down payment assistance loan, which doesn't charge interest.

West Virginia Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in West Virginia is less than half of the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in West Virginia is $158,668, and home values have increased 2.3% over the past year. 

West Virginia Mortgage Rates

These are today's West Virginia mortgage rates. Plug the latest rates into our mortgage calculator below to estimate how much you could pay for a mortgage in this state.

West Virginia Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in West Virginia, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

West Virginia First-Time Homebuyer Information

If you get your mortgage from a participating lender, you may be eligible for financial assistance through the  West Virginia Housing Development Fund . Choose from one of the following programs:

• Homeownership Program : First-time homebuyers could receive a loan for $7,500 to $10,000 and use it for down payment/closing cost assistance.
• Movin' Up Loan Program : This program is for moderate-income borrowers, and you don't have to be a first-time homebuyer. Get a loan for $5,000 to $8,000 to put toward a down payment or closing costs.

Wisconsin Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Wisconsin is lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Wisconsin is $293,610, and home values have increased 5.3% over the past year. 

Wisconsin Mortgage Rates

These are today's mortgage rates for Wisconsin. To see how much your monthly housing payment could be in this state, plug the latest rates into our mortgage calculator below.

Wisconsin Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Wisconsin, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Wisconsin First-Time Homebuyer Information

If you get a mortgage from a participating lender, you may qualify for one of the following programs through the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority :

• WHEDA Easy Close Down Payment Assistance : Receive a loan for up to 6% of your home price to use for a down payment. You'll repay the loan over 10 years and pay the same interest rate as you pay on your mortgage.
• WHEDA Capital Access Down Payment Assistance : You can receive a loan for up to $7,500 with no interest and no monthly payments.

Wyoming Mortgage Calculator

According to Zillow, the typical home value in Wyoming is a bit lower than the US national typical value of $349,770. The typical home in Wyoming is $340,229, and home values have increased 3.1% over the past year. 

Wyoming Mortgage Rates

These are today's mortgage rates for Wyoming. To see how much your monthly housing payment could be in this state, plug the latest rates into our mortgage calculator below.

Wyoming Mortgage Loan Calculator

To see how today's mortgage rates could impact your monthly payments in Wyoming, check out our free mortgage calculator. Click on "More details" for money-saving tips and insights about how rates affect your long-term finances.

Wyoming First-Time Homebuyer Information

The Wyoming Community Development Authority offers mortgage and down payment assistance for eligible buyers. Assistance options include:

• Home$tretch DPA Loan: Get up to $15,000 in down payment assistance in the form of a zero-interest, deferred loan that's due once you sell or refinance.
• Amortizing DPA Loan: This product also offers up to $15,000 in assistance, but you'll need to pay it back each month over a 10-year term.

There are affordable mortgages available on a federal level that can help first-time, low-income, or low-credit-score homebuyers get into a home: 

• FHA loan : With a credit score of at least 580, you can put down just 3.5%. You may also qualify with a score down to 500, but you'll need to put 10% down.
• USDA loan : A USDA loan can be useful if you are a low-to-moderate income borrower looking to buy a home in a rural or suburban area, since it requires no down payment.
• VA loans : These mortgages are for active-service military members or veterans. They allow zero down and come with lower interest rates.
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Bell Ringer: South Carolina's Timber Industry

South carolina's timber industry.

The woodworking industry in post Civil War and early 20th century South Carolina is the subject of a class co-taught by University of South Carolina professor Jessica Elfenbein and former museum executive director Lynn Robertson. The University of South Carolina is located in Columbia.

Description

Bell ringer assignment.

• How does Jessica Elfenbein describe South Carolina's 'story' post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction?
• What was there "lots" of in the South? Why was it not the highest priority, though?
• Why were the upper Midwest and New England regions "clear-cut?" How did they respond?
• According to Elfenbein, who were Benjamin Franklin Ferguson and Francis Beidler? What did they do?
• In what ways did Ferguson and Beidler build their company for "permanence?"
• Based on the clip, how long did the company operate and what did it produce?
• What happened to the land the company controlled? What became "big users" of the trees?

Related Articles

• Timber (South Carolina Encyclopedia)
• Memories of a drowned town (University of South Carolina)
• Williams Furniture Company Collection (South Carolina Digital Library)

Additional Resources

• Bell Ringer: The Beginning of Reconstruction
• Bell Ringer: The Lumber Industry in Traverse City, Michigan
• Lesson Plan: Landscapes and History
• Lesson Plan: Reconstruction Era
• Lesson Plan: Sectors of the Economy

Participants

• American Civil War (1861-65)
• Benjamin Franklin Ferguson
• Francis Beidler
• Reconstruction Era (1863-77)
• World War I (1914-18)